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Text -- 1 Samuel 13:13-23 (NET)

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13:13 Then Samuel said to Saul, “You have made a foolish choice! You have not obeyed the commandment that the Lord your God gave you. Had you done that, the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever! 13:14 But now your kingdom will not continue! The Lord has sought out for himself a man who is loyal to him and the Lord has appointed him to be leader over his people, for you have not obeyed what the Lord commanded you.” 13:15 Then Samuel set out and went up from Gilgal to Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin. Saul mustered the army that remained with him; there were about six hundred men. 13:16 Saul, his son Jonathan, and the army that remained with them stayed in Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin, while the Philistines camped in Micmash. 13:17 Raiding bands went out from the camp of the Philistines in three groups. One band turned toward the road leading to Ophrah by the land of Shual; 13:18 another band turned toward the road leading to Beth Horon; and yet another band turned toward the road leading to the border that overlooks the valley of Zeboim in the direction of the desert. 13:19 A blacksmith could not be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said, “This will prevent the Hebrews from making swords and spears.” 13:20 So all Israel had to go down to the Philistines in order to get their plowshares, cutting instruments, axes, and sickles sharpened. 13:21 They charged two-thirds of a shekel to sharpen plowshares and cutting instruments, and a third of a shekel to sharpen picks and axes, and to set ox goads. 13:22 So on the day of the battle no sword or spear was to be found in the hand of anyone in the army that was with Saul and Jonathan. No one but Saul and his son Jonathan had them.
Jonathan Ignites a Battle
13:23 A garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Micmash.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Benjamin the tribe of Benjamin of Israel
 · Beth-horon "twin" towns (Upper & Lower) in the foothills of Ephraim
 · Beth-Horon "twin" towns (Upper & Lower) in the foothills of Ephraim
 · Geba a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)
 · Gibeah a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)
 · Gilgal a place where Israel encamped between Jericho and the Jordan,a town between Dor and Tirza in the territory of Ephraim (YC),a town just north of Joppa, originally a military base (YC),a place 12 miles south of Shechem now called Jiljiliah (YC)
 · Hebrew a person descended from Heber; an ancient Jew; a Hebrew speaking Jew,any Jew, but particularly one who spoke the Hebrew language
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Israelite a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jonathan a man who was a descendant of Gershom son of Moses,son of Saul of Benjamin,son of the high priest Abiathar in David's time,the son of Shime-i, David's brother,son of Shammah/Shagee; one of David's military elite,son of Jada of Judah,son of Uzziah; overseer of the country treasuries for King David,a man who was uncle and counselor of King David,father of Ebed who accompanied Ezra leading the clan of Adin back from exile,a man who opposed Ezra's reforms; son of Asahel,a chief priest; son of Joiada,priest and head of the house of Malluchi under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah,son of Shemaiah of Asaph of Levi; father of Zechariah,a man who was secretary and dungeon keeper for King Zedekiah; son of Kareah
 · Michmash a town of Benjamin 12 km north of Jerusalem
 · Ophrah a town of Benjamin on the border of Ephraim, 4 km ENE of Bethel,a town of Manasseh, possibly 7 km NW of Jezreel,son of Meonothai of Judah
 · Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan
 · Samuel son of Ammihud; Moses' land distribution deputy for Simeon,son of Tola son of Issachar
 · Saul the sixth king of Edom,son of Simeon and a Canaanite woman,son of Uzziah of Kohath son of Levi
 · Shual a region of Benjamin not far from Ophrah and Michmash,son of Zophah of Asher
 · Zeboim a town and valley inhabited by Benjamites after the exile


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Saul | Philistines | Samuel | WAR; WARFARE | SAMUEL, BOOKS OF | GIBEAH | Agriculture | Zeboim | Mattock | Gilgal | Ophrah | GOAD | Minister | Coulter | Encamp | Presumption | Carpenter | Church and State | Armies | Ax | more
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Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:13 Heb “commanded.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:14 Heb “commanded.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:15 Heb “at Gibeah of Benjamin.” The words “in the territory” are supplied in the translation for clarity (likewise in the followi...

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:16 The juxtaposition of disjunctive clauses in v.16 indicates synchronic action.

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:20 The translation follows the LXX (“their sickle”) here, rather than the MT “plowshares,” which is due to dittography from the w...

NET Notes: 1Sa 13:21 Heb “and for a third, a pick.” The Hebrew text suffers from haplography at this point. The translation follows the textual reconstruction ...

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